Day 2! Today we studied, respiration - anaerobic and aerobic. Also Glycolysis, with and without oxygen, Krebs, ATP, ADP, Mitochondria, NAD+, NADH an

Respiration – Goal = produce ATP, released as electrons (ex. NAD+) to ETC = ATP

Anaerobic - without air (without oxygen) Absence of electron acceptor like as nitrate, sulphate or oxygen. Inorganic molecule (other than oxygen), CO2 is reduced to methane
Aerobic – means with oxygen, Glycolysis is able to make Pyruvate, which product is Acetyl-CoA, then that enters the Krebs Cycle
Fermentation – Organic molecule as final electron acceptor.

NAD+ - an important electron carrier (AMP)
When NAD+ acquires two electrons and a proton (reduction=reduction) into NADH
NADH – carries two electrons for supply to other molecules. Important for metabolism

Carbon & Hydrogen Bond Stripped during Glycolysis and Krebs

Electron Transport Chain ( ETC)
Electron Transport Chain – located in the mito inner membrane (made up or F1, ATPase), produces a proton gradient, pumps protons (H+) across the membrane from the matrix to the inner membrane space. The H+ then moves via diffusion, (Proton Motive Force)-THEN (ATP Synthase) =ATP. All NAHD (FADH2) converted to ATP.
Each NADH converts to 3 ATP
Each FADH2 coverts to 2 ATP

Glycolysis (Pyruvate dependent on oxygen)(converts glucose to Pyruvate)
Addition of energy, two energy phosphates

STEPS OF GLYCOLYSIS to Pyruvate Oxidation and Acetyl-Coa
10 step cycle with oxygen
Energy Investment Phase (prep phase, first 5 steps)
Energy Yielding Phase (energy pay off stage, second 5 steps)
***Glucose AIM - ( 6 carbon converted to 3 Pyruvate) ***
-----2 ATP consumed (priming the pump) –
-----Later generates 4 ATP (NET GAIN 2 ATP)
-----2 NADHs
Glucose
Fructose, 6 phosphates
ATP Inhibits / ADP Activates / Citrate Inhibits
1 Fructose, 6 bisphosphate
Pyruvate ( Pie – Vuu – Vate) ( need for Kerbs)
Pyruvate Oxidation
NADH Inhibits
Acetyl-Coa ( a see tel Co_A)************
Enters Krebs (products NADH,Citrate(ETC electron transport chain, ATP) (chemiosmosis)


Krebs Cycle Dr Krebs
Oxidizes the Acetyl-Coa ( from Pyruvate)
2 carbons + 4 carbons = 6 carbons

After Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation and Krebs Glucose has be oxidized to
6 CO^2
4 ATP
10 NADH *********
2 FADH^2 Both continue to the electron transport chain ******